Definition   

An inflammation of the lash follicles at the eyelid margins due to excess growth in lash follicles of bacteria normally present on the skin.

Causes and risks   

Blepharitis is usually caused by seborrheic dermatitis, a bacterial infection, or a combination of both. Allergies, or eyelash infestation with lice may less commonly cause blepharitis. Blepharitis is characterized by excess oil production in the glands near the eyelid, which creates a favorable environment for the excess growth of bacteria which are normally present on the skin. Eyelids appear red and irritated, with scales that cling to the base of the eyelashes. Blepharitis may be associated with repeated styes and chalazia.

Risk factors are seborrheic dermatitis of the face or scalp, rosacea, and allergies.

Prevention   

Cleaning eyelids carefully will help prevent blepharitis. If a specific skin condition is present, it should be treated.

Symptoms   

• crusty and reddened eyelids
• swollen eyelids
• itching and burning eyelids
• a granular sensation when blinking
• loss of eyelashes

Treatment   

The primary treatment is careful daily cleansing of the lid margins to remove the skin oils that the bacteria feed on. Baby shampoo or special cleansers may be recommended by your health care provider. Antibiotic ointments may also be helpful in controlling bacteria on the lids.

If present, seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea should be treated.

Lice may be eradicated by smothering them with petroleum jelly applied to the base of the lashes or may require the use of prescription medications.

Complications   

• styes or chalazia
• injury to the eye tissue (corneal ulcer) from irritation
• inflammation of the surface of the eye (conjunctivitis)
• loss of eyelashes
• scarring of the eyelids